Yankai Chen

Publications

2026

1. Harness the Memory: A Holistic Evaluation of Memory Substrates in Memory Agents
   Wei-Chieh Huang, Weizhi Zhang, Yuchen Wu, Yankai Chen^#, Eric Hanchen Jiang, Wooseong Yang, Yiwei Yang, Henry Peng Zou, Hanrong Zhang, Ying Nian Wu, Haolun Wu, Kai-Wei Chang, Philip S. Yu, Xue Liu, and Aylin Caliskan
   Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2026

2. How Data Scales in Agentic Reinforcement Learning: Laws and Synthesis Strategies
   Bowei He, Yankai Chen, Xiaokun Zhang, Changjiang Han, Ye Yuan, Chong Li, and Xue Liu
   Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2026

3. JARVIS-Bench: Benchmarking Personal Intelligence Agents on Long-Horizon Real-User Daily Traces
   Weizhi Zhang, Wei-Chieh Huang, Yueqing Liang, Liwei Jiang, Zhengxiang Wang, Liangwei Yang, Zechen Li, Yuchen Wu, Haozhen Zhang, Yu Wang, ..., Yankai Chen, Kai Shu, Xue Liu, and Philip S. Yu
   Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2026

4. AutoCRAT: Within-Trajectory Joint Control of Stochasticity and Compute for LLM Reasoning
   Hanjun Luo, Qiushi Liu, Jingya Zhang, Haihong Pang, Jiaheng Wen, Yifei Ma, Yu Yao, Chengxi Zhang, Hanrong Zhang, Yankai Chen^#, and Hanan Salam
   Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP (EMNLP Findings), 2026

5. Prediction-Market Seed Capital Recovery from Noise-Dominant Flow
   Yankai Chen, Bowei He, Zhuohan Xie, Zhiwei Liu, Fan Zhang, Xueqing Peng, Yan Wang, Lingfei Qian, and Xue Liu
   The 11th Workshop on Financial Technology and Natural Language Processing at EMNLP (FinNLP@EMNLP), 2026

6. Trade-Adaptive Aggregation of Probabilistic Financial Forecasts
   Yankai Chen, Rassul Magauin, Bowei He, Anuar Aimoldin, Sirui Song, Bin Xiao, Zangir Iklassov, and Xue Liu
   The 11th Workshop on Financial Technology and Natural Language Processing at EMNLP (FinNLP@EMNLP), 2026

7. Image Before You Act: A Self-Evolving Industrial Agent with a Physics-Grounded World Model
   Bowei He, Yankai Chen^#, and Xue Liu
   International Workshop on Industrial Physical AI at ACM Multimedia (WIPAI@ACM MM), 2026  Distinguished Best Paper Award

8. CoEvoSkills: Self-Evolving Agent Skills via Co-Evolutionary Verification
   Hanrong Zhang, Shicheng Fan, Henry Peng Zou, Yankai Chen^#, Zhenting Wang, Jiayu Zhou, Chengze Li, Wei-Chieh Huang, Yifei Yao, Kening Zheng, Xue Liu, Xiaoxiao Li, and Philip S. Yu
   Conference on Language Modeling (COLM), 2026

9. Locally Confident, Globally Stuck: The Quality-Exploration Dilemma in Diffusion Language Models
   Liancheng Fang, Aiwei Liu, Henry Peng Zou, Yankai Chen, Enze Ma, Leyi Pan, Chunyu Miao, Wei-Chieh Huang, Xue Liu, and Philip S. Yu
   Conference on Language Modeling (COLM), 2026

10. SeesawNet: Towards Non-stationary Time Series Forecasting with Balanced Modeling of Common and Specific Dependencies
    Hao Li, Lu Zhang, Chong Liu, Yankai Chen, Pengyang Wang, and Yingjie Zhou
    International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), 2026

11. Incorporating 3D Structural Information for Activity Cliff Analysis
    Zijing Liu, Xinni Zhang, Yankai Chen, Bin Feng, Mingjun Yang, Zenglin Xu, Yu Li, Philip S. Yu, and Irwin King
    SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), 2026

12. Branching Policy Optimization: Sandbox-Native Language Agent Reinforcement Learning
    Bowei He, Yankai Chen^#, Xiaokun Zhang, and Xue Liu
    World Artificial Intelligence Conference Academic (WAICA), 2026  Best Paper Award Runner-up

13. Distributionally Robust Set Representation Learning Under Inference-Time Element Corruption
    Yankai Chen, Hanrong Zhang, Bowei He, Philip S. Yu, and Xue Liu
    43rd International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2026

14. Search-R2: Enhancing Search-Integrated Reasoning via Actor-Refiner Collaboration
    Bowei He, Minda Hu, Zenan Xu, Hongru Wang, Licheng Zong, Yankai Chen, Chen Ma, Xue Liu, Pluto Zhou, and Irwin King
    International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2026

15. FinAuditing: A Financial Taxonomy-Structured Multi-Document Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs
    Yan Wang, Keyi Wang, Shanshan Yang, Jaisal Patel, Jeff Zhao, Fengran Mo, Xueqing Peng, Lingfei Qian, Jimin Huang, Guojun Xiong, Yankai Chen^#, Víctor Gutiérrez-Basulto, Xiao-Yang Liu, Xue Liu, and Jian-Yun Nie
    49th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR), 2026

16. Conv-FinRe: A Conversational and Longitudinal Benchmark for Utility-Grounded Financial Recommendation
    Yan Wang, Yi Han, Lingfei Qian, Yueru He, Xueqing Peng, Dongji Feng, Zhuohan Xie, Vincent Jim Zhang, Rosie Guo, Fengran Mo, Jimin Huang, Yankai Chen^#, Xue Liu, and Jian-Yun Nie
    49th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR), 2026

17. Deep Research with Open-Domain Evaluation and Multi-Stage Guardrails for Safety
    Wei-Chieh Huang, Henry Peng Zou, Yaozu Wu, Dongyuan Li, Yankai Chen^#, Weizhi Zhang, Yangning Li, Angelo Zangari, Jizhou Guo, Chunyu Miao, Liancheng Fang, Langzhou He, Yinghui Li, Renhe Jiang, and Philip S. Yu
    Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 2026

18. GAM: Hierarchical Graph-based Agentic Memory for LLM Agents
    Zhaofen Wu, Hanrong Zhang, Fulin Lin, Wujiang Xu, Xinran Xu, Yankai Chen, Henry Peng Zou, Shaowen Chen, Weizhi Zhang, Xue Liu, Philip S. Yu, and Hongwei Wang
    Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 2026

19. FinReporting: An Agentic Workflow for Localized Reporting of Cross-Jurisdiction Financial Disclosures
    Fan Zhang, Mingzi Song, Rania Elbadry, Yankai Chen^#, Shaobo Wang, Yixi Zhou, Xunwen Zheng, Yueru He, Yuyang Dai, Georgi Georgiev, Ayesha Gull, Muhammad Usman Safder, Fan Wu, Liyuan Meng, Fengxian Ji, Junning Zhao, Xueqing Peng, Jimin Huang, Chen Yu, Xue Liu, Preslav Nakov, and Zhuohan Xie
    Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL Demo Track), 2026

20. A Survey on Large Language Model based Human-Agent Systems
    Henry Peng Zou, Wei-Chieh Huang, Yaozu Wu, Jizhou Guo, Yankai Chen^#, Chunyu Miao, Hoang H. Nguyen, Yue Zhou, Weizhi Zhang, Liancheng Fang, Hanrong Zhang, Fangxin Wang, Pengfei Zhang, Langzhou He, Yangning Li, Dongyuan Li, Renhe Jiang, and Philip S. Yu
    Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL (ACL Findings), 2026

21. Many-Shot Scaling of In-Context Learning with Self-Generated Demonstrations
    Zhengyao Gu, Henry Peng Zou, Yankai Chen, Aiwei Liu, Weizhi Zhang, and Philip S. Yu
    Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL (ACL Findings), 2026

22. Rethinking Memory Mechanisms of Foundation Agents in the Second Half: A Survey
    Wei-Chieh Huang, Weizhi Zhang, Yueqing Liang, Yuanchen Bei, Yankai Chen, Tao Feng, Xinyu Pan, Zhen Tan, et al.
    Transactions on Machine Learning Research (TMLR), 2026

23. Adversarial Encoding Perturbation and Synthesis for Set Representation Auxiliary Learning
    Yankai Chen, Xinni Zhang, Henry Peng Zou, Yangning Li, Philip S. Yu, Irwin King, and Xue Liu
    In Proceeding of International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2026

24. Pedagogically-Inspired Data Synthesis for Language Model Knowledge Distillation
    Bowei He, Yankai Chen^#, Xiaokun Zhang, Linghe Kong, Philip S. Yu, Xue Liu, and Chen Ma
    In Proceeding of International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2026

25. RECODE-H: A Benchmark for Research Code Development with Interactive Human Feedback
    Chunyu Miao, Henry Peng Zou, Yangning Li, Yankai Chen^#, Yibo Wang, Fangxin Wang, Yifan Li, Wooseong Yang, Bowei He, Xinni Zhang, et al.
    In Proceeding of International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2026

26. MUSE: Model-Agnostic Tabular Watermarking via Multi-Sample Selection
    Liancheng Fang, Aiwei Liu, Henry Peng Zou, Yankai Chen, Hengrui Zhang, Zhongfen Deng, and Philip S. Yu
    In Proceeding of International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2026

27. Generative Archetype-Grounded Item Representations for Sequential Recommendation
    Yifan Li, Jiahong Liu, Xinni Zhang, Hao Chen, Yankai Chen, Wenhao Yu, Jianting Chen, Irwin King
    In Proceeding of The Web Conference (WWW), 2026

28. DP-DGAD: A Generalist Dynamic Graph Anomaly Detector with Dynamic Prototypes
    Jialun Zheng, Jie Liu, Jiannong Cao, Xiao Wang, Hanchen Yang, Yankai Chen
    In Proceeding of The Web Conference (WWW), 2026

29. ConSurv: Multimodal Continual Learning for Survival Analysis
    Dianzhi Yu, Conghao Xiong, Yankai Chen, Wenqian Cui, Xinni Zhang, Yifei Zhang, Hao Chen, Irwin King
    In Proceeding of AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), 2026

30. S²Drug: Bridging Protein Sequence and 3D Structure in Contrastive Representation Learning for Virtual Screening
    Bowei He, Bowen Gao, Yankai Chen, Yanyan Lan, Chen Ma, Philip S. Yu, Yaqin Zhang, Weiying Ma
    In Proceeding of AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), 2026

2025

1. Recent Advances of Multimodal Continual Learning: A Comprehensive Survey
   Dianzhi Yu, Xinni Zhang, Yankai Chen, Aiwei Liu, Yifei Zhang, Philip S Yu, Irwin King
   IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (TNNLS), 2025

2. Embracing Trustworthy Brain-Agent Collaboration as Paradigm Extension for Intelligent Assistive Technologies
   Yankai Chen, Xinni Zhang, Yifei Zhang, Yangning Li, Henry Peng Zou, Chunyu Miao, Weizhi Zhang, Xue Liu, Philip S. Yu
   In Proceeding of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2025

3. AdmTree: Compressing Lengthy Context with Adaptive Semantic Trees
   Yangning Li, Shaoshen Chen, Yinghui Li, Yankai Chen, Hai-Tao Zheng, Hui Wang, Wenhao Jiang, Philip S. Yu
   In Proceeding of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2025

4. Multi-Agent Autonomous Driving Systems with Large Language Models: A Survey of Recent Advances, Resources, and Future Directions
   Yaozu Wu, Dongyuan Li, Yankai Chen^#, Renhe Jiang, Henry Peng Zou, Wei-Chieh Huang, Yangning Li, Liancheng Fang, Zhen Wang, Philip S. Yu
   Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP (EMNLP Findings), 2025

5. Teaching According to Talents! Instruction Tuning LLMs with Competence-Aware Curriculum Learning
   Yangning Li, Tingwei Lu, Yinghui Li, Yankai Chen, Wei-Chieh Huang, Wenhao Jiang, Hui Wang, Hai-Tao Zheng, Philip S. Yu
   Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP (EMNLP Findings), 2025

6. A Survey of RAG-Reasoning Systems in Large Language Models
   Yangning Li, Weizhi Zhang, Yuyao Yang, Wei-Chieh Huang, Yaozu Wu, Junyu Luo, Yuanchen Bei, Henry Peng Zou, Xiao Luo, Yusheng Zhao, Chunkit Chan, Yankai Chen, Zhongfen Deng, Yinghui Li, Hai-Tao Zheng, Dongyuan Li, Renhe Jiang, Ming Zhang, Yangqiu Song, Philip S. Yu
   Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP (EMNLP Findings), 2025

7. Learning Binarized Representations with Pseudo-positive Sample Enhancement for Efficient Graph Collaborative Filtering
   Yankai Chen, Yue Que, Xinni Zhang, Chen Ma, Irwin King
   Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS), 2025

8. Testnuc: Enhancing test-time computing approaches through neighboring unlabeled data consistency
   Henry Peng Zou, Zhengyao Gu, Yue Zhou, Yankai Chen, Weizhi Zhang, Liancheng Fang, Yibo Wang, Yangning Li, Kay Liu, Philip S Yu
   The 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 2025

9. UTCS: Efficient Unsupervised Temporal Community Search with Pre-training of Temporal Dynamics and Subgraph Knowledge
   Yue Zhang, Yankai Chen, Yingli Zhou, Yucan Guo, Xiaolin Han, Chenhao Ma
   The 48th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR), 2025

10. Rank Gap Sensitive Deep AUC Maximization for CTR Prediction
    Fangyuan Luo, Yankai Chen, Jun Wu, Yidong Li
    Pattern Recognition, 2025

11. Semi-supervised Node Importance Estimation with Informative Distribution Modeling for Uncertainty Regularization
    Yankai Chen, Taotao Wang, Yixiang Fang, Yunyu Xiao
    The ACM Web Conference (WWW), Sydney, Australia, 2025

12. CSPO: Cross-Market Synergistic Stock Price Movement Forecasting with Pseudo-volatility Optimization
    Sida Lin^*, Yankai Chen^*, Yiyan Qi, Chenhao Ma, Bokai Cao, Yifei Zhang, Xue Liu, Jian Guo
    The ACM Web Conference (WWW), Sydney, Australia, 2025

13. TRACE: Intra-visit Clinical Event Nowcasting via Effective Patient Trajectory Encoding
    Yuyang Liang, Yankai Chen, Yixiang Fang, Laks V. S. Lakshmanan, Chenhao Ma
    The ACM Web Conference (WWW), Sydney, Australia, 2025

2024

1. Towards Effective Top-N Hamming Search via Bipartite Graph Contrastive Hashing
   Yankai Chen, Yixiang Fang, Yifei Zhang, Chenhao Ma, Yang Hong, Irwin King
   IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (TKDE), 2024.

2. EASE: Learning Lightweight Semantic Feature Adapters from Large Language Models for CTR Prediction
   Zexuan Qiu, Jieming Zhu, Yankai Chen, Guohao Cai, Weiwen Liu, Zhenhua Dong, Irwin King
   The 33rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM), Boise, USA, 2024.

3. Effective Job-market Mobility Prediction with Attentive Heterogeneous Knowledge Learning and Synergy
   Sida Lin, Zhouyi Zhang, Yankai Chen^#, Chenhao Ma, Yixiang Fang, Shan Dai, Guangli Lu (* indicates corresponding authorship)
   The 33rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM), Boise, USA, 2024.

4. Shopping Trajectory Representation Learning with Pre-training for E-commerce Customer Understanding and Recommendation
   Yankai Chen, Quoc-Tuan Truong, Xin Shen, Jin Li, Irwin King
   The 30th SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (SIGKDD), Barcelona, Spain, 2024.

5. Geometric View of Soft Decorrelation in Self-Supervised Learning
   Yifei Zhang, Hao Zhu, Zixing Song, Yankai Chen, Xinyu Fu, Ziqiao Meng, Piotr Koniusz, Irwin King
   The 30th SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (SIGKDD), Barcelona, Spain, 2024.

6. A Survey on Deep Active Learning: Recent Advances and New Frontiers
   Dongyuan Li, Zhen Wang, Yankai Chen, Renhe Jiang, Weiping Ding, Manabu Okumura
   IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (TNNLS), 2024

7. Deep Structural Knowledge Exploitation and Synergy for Estimating Node Importance Value on Heterogeneous Information Networks
   Yankai Chen, Yixiang Fang, Qiongyan Wang, Xin Cao, Irwin King
   In Proceeding of AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), Vancouver, Canada, 2024.

8. Influential Exemplar Replay for Incremental Learning in Recommender Systems
   Xinni Zhang, Yankai Chen, Chenhao Ma, Yixiang Fang, Irwin King
   In Proceeding of AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), Vancouver, Canada, 2024.

9. HiHPQ: Hierarchical Hyperbolic Product Quantization for Unsupervised Image Retrieval
   Zexuan Qiu, Jiahong Liu, Yankai Chen, Irwin King
   In Proceeding of AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), Vancouver, Canada, 2024.

2023

1. Mitigating the Popularity Bias of Graph Collaborative Filtering: A Dimensional Collapse Perspective
   Yifei Zhang, Hao Zhu, Yankai Chen, Zixing Song, Piotr Koniusz, Irwin King.
   In Proceeding of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 36, New Orleans, LA, USA, 2023.

2. Topological Representation Learning for E-commerce Shopping Behaviors
   Yankai Chen, Quoc-Tuan Truong, Xin Shen, Ming Wang, Jin Li, Jim Chan, Irwin King
   Workshop on Mining and Learning with Graphs at The 29th SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (MLG@KDD). Long Beach, LA, USA, 2023.

3. Contrastive Cross-scale Graph Knowledge Synergy
   Yifei Zhang, Yankai Chen, Zixing Song, Irwin King
   In Proceeding of the 29th SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (SIGKDD), Long Beach, LA, USA, 2023.

4. A Survey on Graph Embedding Techniques for Biomedical Data: Methods and Applications
   Yaozu Wu^*, Yankai Chen^*, Zhishuai Yin, Weiping Ding, Irwin King
   In Journal of Information Fusion. 2023. Impact Factor: 17.564

5. WSFE: Wasserstein Sub-graph Feature Encoder for Effective User Segmentation in Collaborative Filtering
   Yankai Chen, Yifei Zhang, Menglin Yang, Zixing Song, Chen Ma, Irwin King.
   In Proceeding of the 46th SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR). Taipei, Taiwan, China, 2023.

6. Hierarchical Learning in Hyperbolic Space: Revisit and Beyond
   Menglin Yang, Min Zhou, Rex Ying, Yankai Chen, Irwin King
   In Proceeding of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML). Hawaii, USA, 2023.

7. Bipartite Graph Convolutional Hashing for Effective and Efficient Top-N Search in Hamming Space
   Yankai Chen, Yixiang Fang, Yifei Zhang, Irwin King.
   In Proceeding of the ACM Web Conference (WWW), Austin, Texas, USA, 2023.

2022

1. An Effective Post-training Embedding Binarization Approach for Fast Online Top-K Passage Matching
   Yankai Chen, Yifei Zhang, Huifeng Guo, Ruiming Tang, Irwin King
   In Proceeding of the 2nd Conference of the Asia-Pacific Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (AACL), Taipei, Taiwan, China, 2022.

2. A Literature Review of Recent Graph Embedding Techniques for Biomedical Data
   Yankai Chen, Yaozu Wu, Shicheng Ma, Irwin King.
   In Proceeding of the 27th international Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP), Invited Paper, (Virtual) Bangkok, Thailand, 2020.

2019 and Before

1. Exploring Communities in Large Profiled Graphs (Extended abstract)
   Yankai Chen, Yixiang Fang, Reynold Cheng, Yun Li, Xiangjun Chen, Jie Zhang
   In Proceeding of the 35th IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE), Macau, China, 2019.

2. Exploring Communities in Large Profiled Graphs
   Yankai Chen, Yixiang Fang, Reynold Cheng, Yun Li, Xiangjun Chen, Jie Zhang
   In Journal of IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering (TKDE), 2019.

3. Effective and Efficient Attributed Community Search
   Yixiang Fang, Reynold Cheng, Yankai Chen, Siqiang Luo, Jiafeng Hu
   In Journal of Journal on Very Large Data Bases (VLDBJ), 2017.

Preprints

1. PSG-Agent: Personality-Aware Safety Guardrail for LLM-based Agents
   Yaozu Wu, Jizhou Guo, Dongyuan Li, Henry Peng Zou, Wei-Chieh Huang, Yankai Chen^#, Zhen Wang, Weizhi Zhang, Yangning Li, Meng Zhang, et al.
   Under Review

2. From Web Search towards Agentic Deep ReSearch: Incentivizing Search with Reasoning Agents
   Weizhi Zhang, Yangning Li, Yuanchen Bei, Junyu Luo, Chuancheng Wan, Liangwei Yang, Chenxuan Xie, Yuyao Yang, Wei-Chieh Huang, Chunyu Miao, Henry Peng Zou, Xiao Luo, Yusheng Zhao, Yankai Chen, Chunkit Chan, Peilin Zhou, Xinyang Zhang, Chenwei Zhang, Jingbo Shang, Ming Zhang, Yangqiu Song, Irwin King, Philip S. Yu
   [arXiv]

3. A Call for Collaborative Intelligence: Why Human-Agent Systems Should Precede AI Autonomy
   Henry Peng Zou, Wei-Chieh Huang, Yaozu Wu, Chunyu Miao, Dongyuan Li, Aiwei Liu, Yue Zhou, Yankai Chen, Weizhi Zhang, Yangning Li, et al.
   [arXiv]

4. Applications of Natural Language Processing and Large Language Models for Social Determinants of Health: Protocol for a Systematic Review
   Swati Rajwal, Ziyuan Zhang, Yankai Chen, Hannah Rogers, Abeed Sarker, Yunyu Xiao
   [arXiv]

5. Knowledge-aware Neural Networks with Personalized Feature Referencing for Cold-start Recommendation
   Xinni Zhang, Yankai Chen, Cuiyun Gao, Qing Liao, Shenglin Zhao, Irwin King
   [arXiv][codes]

6. Towards low-loss 1-bit quantization of user-item representations for top-k recommendation
   Yankai Chen, Yifei Zhang, Yingxue Zhang, Huifeng Guo, Jingjie Li, Ruiming Tang, Xiuqiang He, Irwin King
   [arXiv]

Ph.D. Dissertation

• Advancing Personalized Information Retrieval with Graph Data Mining and Learning, Ph.D. Dissertation, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, September, 2023.